The IRE Resource Center is a major research library containing more than 23,250 investigative stories — both print and broadcast. These stories are searchable online or by contacting the Resource Center directly (573-882-3364 or rescntr@ire.org) where a researcher can help you pinpoint what you need. Browse or search the tipsheet section of our library below. Stories are not available for download but can be easily ordered by contacting the Resource Center:
Search results for "legal loopholes" ...
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Buying the Election
“Never Mind the Super PACs: How Big Business Is Buying the Election” investigates previously unreported ways that businesses have taken advantage of the Supreme Court’s Citizens United ruling, which overturned a century of campaign finance law and allowed corporations to spend directly on behalf of candidates. The piece debunks a common misperception that businesses have taken advantage of their new political spending powers primarily through so-called Super PACs. In fact, most Super PAC donations have come from extremely wealthy individuals, not corporations. The investigation shows how corporations have instead used a variety of 501(c) nonprofits, primarily 501(c)(6) “trade associations,” to direct substantial corporate money on federal elections. As one prominent advisor to GOP candidates as well as corporations points out, "many corporations will not risk running ads on their own," for fear of the reputational damage, but the trade groups make these ad buys nearly anonymous. In 2010, 501(c)(6) trade associations and 501(c)(4) issue-advocacy groups outspent Super PACs $141 million to $65 million. The investigation shows that the growth of trade association political spending has had a number of significant ramifications, such as increased leverage during beltway lobbying campaigns. Most troublingly, legal loopholes allow foreign interests to use trade associations to directly influence American elections. One of the most significant revelations in the piece was that the American Petroleum Institute, a trade association for the oil and gas industry, had funneled corporate cash to groups that had run hard-hitting campaign ads while being led in part by a lobbyist for the Saudi Arabian government, Tofiq Al-Gabsani. As an API board member, Al-Gabsani was part of the team that directed these efforts, which helped defeat candidates who supported legislation that would move American energy policy away from its focus on fossil fuels. Federal law prevents Al-Gabsani, as a foreign national, from leading a political action committee, or PAC. But nothing in the law stopped him from leading a trade group that made campaign expenditures just as a PAC would.
Tags: Elections; campaign finance; corporations; Super PACs
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Spousal Support
In November 2011, the KGTV 10News I-Team revealed a questionable legal loophole that forced sexual assault victims to pay support to their attackers. Within five weeks of our initial reporting, lawmakers took action, drafting legislation and pushing for a change. Our series features Crystal Harris, who was sexually assaulted by her ex-husband. While he sits in prison for the crime, a state judge has ordered Crystal to pay spousal support. Crystal Harris earns more money than her ex-husband.
Tags: broadcast; spousal support; sexual assault
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E:60 Cockfighting
An investigation looking into legislative loopholes that allows cockfighting to take place despite the ban that has been put on it, resulting in the closing of the loopholes in cockfighting legislation in Texas.
Tags: cockfighting; cockfights; legal loopholes; texas
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Little Known Colleges Exploit Loopholes to Make Millions Off Foreign Students
The Chronicle found numerous colleges -- most of them unaccredited -- exploit byzantine federal regulations, enrolling almost exclusively foreign students and charging them upward $3,000 for a chance to work legally in the United States. Enabled by lax state regulations, these colleges usher in thousands of foreign students and generate millions of dollars in profit because they have the power, bestowed by the U.S. government, to help students get visas.
Tags: college; foreign; student; visa; unaccredited; college; university
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Documentary stamp tax loophole
"Buyers and sellers of pricey properties structure sales as corporate entity transfers rather than as real estate transfers. This lets them legally avoid the Florida documentar stamp tax, collected at a rate of 70 cents per $100 of property value. My first stroy identified three sales totaling $600 million that avoided $4.2 million in taxes. My second story identified additional sales and also cited properties sold using land trusts, another structure that avoids documentary stamp taxes."
Tags: tax; stamp tax; real estate; commercial; documentary; porperty value
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Lobbyists
A look at how lobbyists are spending money on state lawmakers and comparing Arizona's laws to other states. It was found that lobbyists have legal perks such as group event tickets to concerts, free meals at expensive restaurants and fancy out of town trips. Also, 15 years after a major scandal, the Arizona laws are found to be full of loopholes.
Tags: legislature; public money; lawmaking; law; scientology
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Preying on Parents
A California-based international adoption firm is found to be defrauding prospective parents, taking advantage of "legal loopholes and government neglect." The story involves bribes and kickbacks to foreign government officials, the use of internet fraud on prospective parents, and "the withholding of vital medical information about orphans to misstate their health." In some cases, the children adopted through the agency had such severe medical conditions or other issues, and were institutionalized or sent home to their native countries. Meanwhile, "the company ignored complaints and pocketed hundreds of thousands of dollars in fees."
Tags: Adoption; former Soviet Union; child adoption; fraud; Internet adoption agency; orphans; medical problems
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Siren song: Gambling's allure
Utah formally outlaws all forms of gambling. However, it is available in both illegal and legal forms. There is extensive gambling on the border between Idaho and Utah. Also "bingo halls" and "poker clubs", numerous in Utah, are essentially casinos using loopholes in the law. Internet gambling also is popular due to lax law enforcement.
Tags: gambling; Utah; casinos; lottery; illegal gambling; bingo; poker
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Unnecessary epidemic
This extensive investigation showed that Congress and the Drug Enforcement Administration could have stopped methamphetamine growth across the West during the 1990s and still can. The newspaper explained how the drug is able to be controlled because it relies on chemical ingredients produced by only a handful of factories worldwide. Two clampdowns on the legal trade of the chemicals caused meth shortages, prompting users to quit and meth-related property crime to fall. But the drug trade survived because of loopholes and lax enforcement. The scope of this story includes examinations of DEA drug seizures, DEA-registered sellers of the drug, ephedrine drug shipments, ephedrine seizures, congressional records, the federal budget, federal audits, property tax records, patents, academic studies and public policy.
Tags: drugs; meth; methamphetamine; Drug Enforcement Agency; DEA; drug control policy
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Political Donations
The Hamilton Spectator in this series of stories investigates how political parties received donations more than what is legally accepted. As the investigations reveal the parties used various loopholes to maximize the funds from generous supporters. The reporters found that political parties were accepting funds from commonly-owned companies, which went over the maximum - legal gifts that could be given to political parties.
Tags: Political parties; campaign finance; New Democratic Party; left front in Canada; Ontario political parties; Canadian constituencies; Tories; elections in Ontario