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Cesar Odio, Miami's infamous ex-city manager, hired more than 100 staffers entirely at his own discretion. When the city's gross mismanagement first came to light, Miami was millions in the red. After FBI agents caught then-city commissioner Miller Dawkins accepting cash in exchange for his vote, and after Odio was charged with soliciting kickbacks for a city insurance contract, a massive budget deficit was revealed. A contributing factor to the shortfall, said one official, was "friends of friends" government in Miami. Odio exercised the policy freely and frequently.

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