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Consumer Reports examines three dietary supplements marketed to enhance athletic performance, creatine, ephedra, and androstenedione. Looking at scientific studies available on the supplements Consumer Reports found that the supplements are often ineffective and potentially dangerous. Androstenedione, used by former St. Louis Cardinal Mark McGwire, was shown to cause hormonal imbalance in some cases, and ephedra is a herbal stimulant with a combination of ingredients that acts like an amphetamine. Metcalf and Sandroff also show that many of these nutritional supplements are marketed towards youths.