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Fred DeLuca is a billionaire from the sandwich empire he started with a $1,000 dollar loan at age 17. Look closely, however, and you'll see that Subway wasn't built in quite the same ways as the other franchise empires. DeLuca has used methods all his own, creating a corporate reflection of his complicated personality. The result has been not just enormous wealth but also a set of problems unmatched in the business, including unhappy franchises, disputes with landlords, and run-ins with regulators. Every big franchise has such problems, but Subway has far more trouble than its competitors.

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